- Qt 6.6
- Qt Multimedia
- Qt 6.6.1 Reference Documentation

# Qt Multimedia

Qt Multimedia is an add-on module that provides a rich set of QML types and C++ classes to handle multimedia content. It contains an easy to use API for playing back audio and video files and rendering those on screen, as well as a comprehensive API for recording audio and video from the system's cameras and microphones.

The functionality of this module is divided into the following submodules:

Qt Multimedia | Provides an API for multimedia-specific use cases.
Qt Multimedia Widgets | Provides a widget-based multimedia API.
Qt Spatial Audio | Provides an API for implementing sound fields in 3D space.

## Getting started

If you are porting from Qt 5 to Qt 6 see Changes to Qt Multimedia.

If you are new to Qt Multimedia, the QML types can be imported into an application using the following statement in your `.qml` file.

     import QtMultimedia

To link against the C++ libraries, add the following to your project's `CMakeLists.txt` file. Substitute `my_project` with the name of your project.

     find_package(Qt6 REQUIRED COMPONENTS Multimedia)
     target_link_libraries(my_project PRIVATE Qt6::Multimedia)

## Overviews and important topics

- Changes in Qt 6
- Multimedia Overview
- Audio Overview
- Spatial Audio Overview
- Video Overview
- Camera Overview
- Supported Media Formats

## QML types

The following table outlines some important QML types.

Type | Description
--- | ---
MediaPlayer | Add audio/video playback functionality to a scene.
CaptureSession | Create a session for capturing audio/video.
Camera | Access a camera connected to the system.
AudioInput | Access an audio input (microphone) connected to the system.
AudioOutput | Access an audio output (speaker, headphone) connected to the system.
VideoOutput | Display video content.
MediaRecorder | Record audio/video from the CaptureSession.
ImageCapture | Capture still images from the Camera.
Video | Add Video playback functionality to a scene. Uses MediaPlayer and VideoOutput types to provide video playback functionality.
ScreenCapture | Captures a screen.
WindowCapture | Captures a top-level window.

## C++ classes

The following table outlines some important C++ classes

Class | Description
--- | ---
QMediaPlayer | Playback media from a source.
QVideoWidget | Display video from a media player or a capture session.
QMediaCaptureSession | Capture audio and video.
QCamera | Access a camera connected to the system
QAudioInput | Access an audio input (microphone) connected to the system.
QAudioOutput | Access an audio output (speaker, headphone) connected to the system.
QImageCapture | Capture still images with a camera.
QMediaRecorder | Record media content from a capture session.
QVideoSink | Access and render individual video frames.
QAudioSink | Sends raw audio data to an audio output device.
QScreenCapture | Captures a screen.
QWindowCapture | Captures a top-level window.

For playback QMediaPlayer, QAudioOutput and QVideoOutput contain all the required functionality. The other classes are used for capturing audio and video content, where the QMediaCaptureSession is the central class managing the whole capture/recording process.

## Licenses and attributions

The Qt Multimedia module is available under commercial licenses from The Qt Company. In addition, it is available under free software licenses. Since Qt 5.6, these free software licenses are GNU Lesser General Public License, version 3, or the GNU General Public License, version 2. See Qt Licensing for further details.

The FFmpeg backend uses the FFmpeg framework. FFmpeg is licensed under LGPLv2.1, GPLv2, or later versions of the licenses. Some optional components of FFmpeg are only available under GPL. The FFmpeg backend shipped with the Qt binary packages is configured to not contain any of the components that are available under GPLv2 only.

See the FFmpeg licensing page for further details.

Note that video compression standards, such as the H.264 media compression standard, may be covered by patents and can incur royalty fees. This can apply to any implementation, also if the implementation is provided as an operating system service, through a third party library, or through any of Qt Multimedia's backends. Such fees are not covered by the Qt licenses.

## Target platform and backend notes

We aim to align the behavior on all the platforms but there are some issues to consider.

### Backends

On most platforms, there are two different backends that can be used for Qt Multimedia.

#### FFmpeg as the default backend

In this release the FFmpeg framework is set as the default backend on Windows, macOS, Android, and Linux except Yocto distribution.

The version shipped with Qt binary packages is FFmpeg 6.0 and is tested by the maintainers.

Note: See Licenses and Attributions regarding what components are removed in the package shipped by Qt.

#### Native backends

These are:

- gstreamer on Linux
- AVFoundation on macOS
- WMF Windows
- MediaCodec framework on Android

Note: These are still available but with limited support.

### Backend support

Maintainers will strive to fix critical issues with the native backends but don't guarantee fixing minor issues and won't implement new features for the native backends. Furthermore, even some major issues with the gstreamer backend (on Linux) won't be fixed since gstreamer is difficult to debug and is further complicated as it is dependent on Linux distributions.

We aim to align the behavior on all the platforms, especially, with the FFmpeg backend. Despite this fact we still have platform-dependent issues with formats, codecs, advanced camera features, and screen capturing due to the Qt Multimedia API relying on target platform APIs. For example, with FFmpeg, there are specific problems with hardware acceleration on Linux targets with ARM architectures.

Backend-dependent limitations will be documented and their status maintained in the respective classes.

### Changing backends

In the case of issues with the default FFmpeg backend, we suggest testing with a native backend. You can switch to native backends by setting the `QT_MEDIA_BACKEND` environment variable to `windows`, `gstreamer` (on Linux), `darwin` (on macOS), or `android`:

     export QT_MEDIA_BACKEND=darwin

In order to force assign FFmpeg as the used backend, set the variable to `ffmpeg`:

     export QT_MEDIA_BACKEND=ffmpeg

On the Qt Multimedia compilation stage the default media backend can be configured via cmake variable `QT_DEFAULT_MEDIA_BACKEND`.

### Target platform notes

The following pages list issues for specific target platforms that are not related to the multimedia backed.

- macOS and iOS
- WebAssembly

## Permissions

Starting from Qt 6.6, the Qt Multimedia module uses new QPermission API to handle camera and microphone permissions. This means that Qt itself no longer queries for these permissions, so this needs to be done directly from the client application.

Please refer to the Application Permissions page for an example of how to integrate the new QPermission API into the application.

## Reference and examples

- QML Types
- C++ Classes
- Examples