- Qt 6.5
- Publishing to Google Play
- Qt 6.5.2 Reference Documentation

Third-party Android Libraries ◦ Supporting Google Emoji Font Policy

# Publishing to Google Play

Qt for Android provides a complete solution to develop, build, and package your applications for Android. Most of these tasks, especially packaging and deployment are handled by Qt Creator providing rich developer experience.

Every time you run the application using Qt Creator, an Android Application Package (APK) is created and deployed onto the target of your choice (device or emulator). With a few minor changes to packaging settings, you can publish your application on Google Play.

## Building the App

The following instructions guide you to create an `.apk` or `.aab` that can go live on Google Play

1. Open your project with Qt Creator 4.11 or later choosing a `Release Build`.
2. Select Projects > Build > Build Android APK > Create Templates to create the Android package template files such as `AndroidManifest.xml` which is the main file of concern here.
3. Check for the following settings in `AndroidManifest.xml`:
   - Set Application name and Application icon.
   - Check the Permissions list has all the required permissions.
   - Check the Features list has the software or hardware features that your application depends on, such as GPS or NFC.

   See Notes on Android project settings for more information.

4. Set up a keystore to sign your `.apk` file. You can create a new keystore if you do not have one. For more information, see Specifying Settings for Packages in Qt Creator.
5. Locate the generated package:
   - For APK packages, locate the `.apk` package at:

          <$BUILD_DIR>/android-build/build/outputs/apk/release/android-build-release.apk

     Note: In Qt Creator, select Projects > Build > Build Steps > Build Android APK > Open package location after build to build the application's `.apk` and open the directory containing the package.

   - For AAB packages, select Projects > Build > Build Steps > Build Android APK > Build .aab (Android App Bundle) for Qt Creator to generate the `.aab` file, then locate the package at:

          <$BUILD_DIR>/android-build/build/outputs/bundle/release/android-build-release.aab

## Uploading the App to Google Play Store

Log into the Google Play Developer Console and upload the `.aab` files, along with a description and screen captures resembling the usage of your application.

For Qt versions that support building a multi-abi bundle (i.e. Qt 5.14 and 5.15), uploading one `.aab` with all the supported architectures is enough. However, for Qt versions that don't have the multi-abi build support, publishing your app requires additional steps.

### Publishing Single-ABI bundles

To publish your app that is built using a single ABI kit, you need to make sure that each ABI uses a different internal version code. The version code is an internal non-public identifier for your app's release. Build each one of the architectures you want to support and set a different version code for each ABI. This can be done as follows, for CMake:

     set_property(TARGET scroll_example APPEND PROPERTY QT_ANDROID_VERSION_CODE <unique_version>)

Or as follows for qmake:

     ANDROID_VERSION_CODE = <unique_version>

The app developer can use a specific scheme for the version code, for example, the code could have chunks for the platform, the ABI, and the actual version. Then, a sample scheme would be `<Platform><ABI><AppVersion>`:

- Platform:
  - 1 for Arm
  - 2 for Intel
- Architecture:
  - 32 for 32 bit
  - 64 for 64 bit

The resulting version code for a release 1.0 for arm64-v8a ABI, would be `16410`.

For more information, see Google's documentation on app versioning.

The following screenshot shows an example for an app targeting 4 ABIs, while each package uses a unique version code, which is different from the version name that is the public version string.

For more information on packaging, see Deploying an Application on Android.

## Notes on Android project settings

Settings for Minimum required SDK and Target SDK versions are set in the Gradle build configuration and are controlled by the following variables: For qmake:

- ANDROID_TARGET_SDK_VERSION
- ANDROID_MIN_SDK_VERSION

For CMake:

- QT_ANDROID_TARGET_SDK_VERSION
- QT_ANDROID_MIN_SDK_VERSION

See CMake Property Reference for CMake projects, and qmake Variable Reference for Android-specific settings in qmake projects.

Note: As before with Qt 5.15, you can specify these settings in `AndroidManifest.xml`. Be aware that `build.gradle` will override these if set there. See Android: App Versioning for more information on setting these in `build.gradle`.

Note: By default, Qt adds the permissions and the features based on the module dependencies of your application. If you do not want these default permissions and features, either deselect the checkboxes Include default permissions for Qt modules and Include default features for Qt modules, or remove the following part from the `AndroidManifest.xml` file:

     <!-- The following comment will be replaced upon deployment with default permissions based on the dependencies of the application.
          Remove the comment if you do not require these default permissions. -->
     <!-- %%INSERT_PERMISSIONS -->

     <!-- The following comment will be replaced upon deployment with default features based on the dependencies of the application.
          Remove the comment if you do not require these default features. -->
     <!-- %%INSERT_FEATURES -->

For information on the manifest, see Android: App Manifest and Qt Creator: Editing Manifest Files.

Third-party Android Libraries ◦ Supporting Google Emoji Font Policy