- Qbs Manual
- Appendix C: The JSON API
- Qbs 1.23.0

Appendix B: Migrating from Other Build Systems ◦ Appendix D: Licenses and Code Attributions

# Appendix C: The JSON API

This API is the recommended way to provide Qbs support to an IDE. It is accessible via the session command.

## Packet Format

All information is exchanged via packets, which have the following structure:

     packet = "qbsmsg:" <payload length> [<meta data>] <line feed> <payload>

First comes a fixed string indentifying the start of a packet, followed by the size of the actual data in bytes. After that, further meta data might follow. There is none currently, but future extensions might add some. A line feed character marks the end of the meta data section and is followed immediately by the payload, which is a single JSON object encoded in Base64 format. We call this object a message.

## Messages

The message data is UTF8-encoded.

Most messages are either requests or replies. Requests are messages sent to Qbs via the session's standard input channel. Replies are messages sent by Qbs via the session's standard output channel. A reply always corresponds to one specific request. Every request (with the exception of the quit request) expects exactly one reply. A reply implies that the requested operation has finished. At the very least, it carries information about whether the operation succeeded, and often contains additional data specific to the respective request.

Every message object has a `type` property, which is a string that uniquely identifies the message type.

All requests block the session for other requests, including those of the same type. For instance, if client code wishes to restart building the project with different parameters, it first has to send a cancel request, wait for the current build job's reply, and only then can it request another build. The only other message beside cancel that can legally be sent while a request is currently being handled is the quit message.

A reply object may carry an `error` property, indicating that the respective operation has failed. If this property is not present, the request was successful. The format of the `error` property is described here.

In the remainder of this page, we describe the structure of all messages that can be sent to and received from Qbs, respectively. The property tables may have a column titled Mandatory, whose values indicate whether the respective message property is always present. If this column is missing, all properties of the respective message are mandatory, unless otherwise noted.

## The `hello` Message

This message is sent by Qbs exactly once, right after the session was started. It is the only message from Qbs that is not a response to a request. The value of the `type` property is `"hello"`, the other properties are as follows:

Property | Type
--- | ---
api-level | int
api-compat-level | int

The value of `api-level` is increased whenever the API is extended, for instance by adding new messages or properties.

The value of `api-compat-level` is increased whenever incompatible changes are being done to this API. A tool written for API level `n` should refuse to work with a Qbs version with an API compatibility level greater than `n`, because it cannot guarantee proper behavior. This value will not change unless it is absolutely necessary.

The value of `api-compat-level` is always less than or equal to the value of `api-level`.

## Resolving a Project

To instruct Qbs to load a project from disk, a request of type `resolve-project` is sent. The other properties are:

Property | Type | Mandatory
--- | --- | ---
build-root | FilePath | yes
configuration-name | string | no
data-mode | DataMode | no
dry-run | bool | no
environment | Environment | no
error-handling-mode | string | no
fallback-provider-enabled | bool | no
force-probe-execution | bool | no
log-time | bool | no
log-level | LogLevel | no
module-properties | list of strings | no
overridden-properties | object | no
project-file-path | FilePath | if resolving from scratch
restore-behavior | string | no
settings-directory | string | no
top-level-profile | string | no
wait-lock-build-graph | bool | no

The `environment` property defines the environment to be used for resolving the project, as well as for all subsequent Qbs operations on this project.

The `error-handling-mode` specifies how Qbs should deal with issues in project files, such as assigning to an unknown property. The possible values are `"strict"` and `"relaxed"`. In strict mode, Qbs will immediately abort and set the reply's `error` property accordingly. In relaxed mode, Qbs will continue to resolve the project if possible. A warning message will be emitted for every error that was encountered, and the reply's `error` property will not be set. The default error handling mode is `"strict"`.

If the `log-time` property is `true`, then Qbs will emit log-data messages containing information about which part of the operation took how much time.

The `module-properties` property lists the names of the module properties which should be contained in the product data that will be sent in the reply message. For instance, if the project to be resolved is C++-based and the client code is interested in which C++ version the code uses, then `module-properties` would contain `"cpp.cxxLanguageVersion"`.

The `overridden-properties` property is used to override the values of module, product or project properties. The possible ways to specify keys are described here.

The `restore-behavior` property specifies if and how to make use of an existing build graph. The value `"restore-only"` indicates that a build graph should be loaded from disk and used as-is. In this mode, it is an error if the build graph file does not exist. The value `"resolve-only"` indicates that the project should be resolved from scratch and that an existing build graph should be ignored. In this mode, it is an error if the `"project-file-path"` property is not present. The default value is `"restore-and-track-changes"`, which uses an existing build graph if possible and re-resolves the project if no build graph was found or if the parameters are different from the ones used when the project was last resolved.

The `top-level-profile` property specifies which Qbs profile to use for resolving the project. It corresponds to the `profile` key when using the resolve command.

All other properties correspond to command line options of the resolve command, and their semantics are described there.

When the project has been resolved, Qbs will reply with a `project-resolved` message. The possible properties are:

Property | Type | Mandatory
--- | --- | ---
error | ErrorInfo | no
project-data | TopLevelProjectData | no

The `error-info` property is present if and only if the operation failed. The `project-data` property is present if and only if the conditions stated by the request's `data-mode` property are fulfilled.

All other project-related requests need a resolved project to operate on. If there is none, they will fail.

There is at most one resolved project per session. If client code wants to open several projects or one project in different configurations, it needs to start additional sessions.

## Building a Project

To build a project, a request of type `build-project` is sent. The other properties, none of which are mandatory, are listed below:

Property | Type
--- | ---
active-file-tags | string list
changed-files | FilePath list
check-outputs | bool
check-timestamps | bool
clean-install-root | bool
data-mode | DataMode
dry-run | bool
command-echo-mode | string
enforce-project-job-limits | bool
files-to-consider | FilePath list
install | bool
job-limits | list of objects
keep-going | bool
log-level | LogLevel
log-time | bool
max-job-count | int
module-properties | list of strings
products | list of strings or `"all"`

All boolean properties except `install` default to `false`.

The `active-file-tags` and `files-to-consider` are used to limit the build to certain output tags and/or source files. For instance, if only C/C++ object files should get built, then `active-file-tags` would be set to `"obj"`.

The objects in a `job-limits` array consist of a string property `pool` and an int property `limit`.

If the `log-time` property is `true`, then Qbs will emit log-data messages containing information about which part of the operation took how much time.

If `products` is an array, the elements must correspond to the `full-display-name` property of previously retrieved ProductData, and only these products will get built. If `products` is the string `"all"`, then all products in the project will get built. If `products` is not present, then products whose builtByDefault property is `false` will be skipped.

The `module-properties` property has the same meaning as in the resolve-project request.

All other properties correspond to options of the build command.

When the build has finished, Qbs will reply with a `project-built` message. The possible properties are:

Property | Type | Mandatory
--- | --- | ---
error | ErrorInfo | no
project-data | TopLevelProjectData | no

The `error-info` property is present if and only if the operation failed. The `project-data` property is present if and only if the conditions stated by the request's `data-mode` property are fulfilled.

Unless the `command-echo-mode` value is `"silent"`, a message of type `command-description` is emitted for every command to be executed. It consists of two string properties `highlight` and `message`, where `message` is the message to present to the user and `highlight` is a hint on how to display the message. It corresponds to the Command property of the same name.

For finished process commands, a message of type `process-result` might be emitted. The other properties are:

Property | Type
--- | ---
arguments | list of strings
error | string
executable-file-path | FilePath
exit-code | int
stderr | list of strings
stdout | list of strings
success | bool
working-directory | FilePath

The `error` string is one of `"failed-to-start"`, `"crashed"`, `"timed-out"`, `"write-error"`, `"read-error"` and `"unknown-error"`. Its value is not meaningful unless `success` is `false`.

The `stdout` and `stderr` properties describe the process's standard output and standard error output, respectively, split into lines.

The `success` property is `true` if the process finished without errors and an exit code of zero.

The other properties describe the exact command that was executed.

This message is only emitted if the process failed or it has printed data to one of the output channels.

## Cleaning a Project

To remove a project's build artifacts, a request of type `clean-project` is sent. The other properties are:

Property | Type
--- | ---
dry-run | bool
keep-going | bool
log-level | LogLevel
log-time | bool
products | list of strings

The elements of the `products` array correspond to a `full-display-name` of a ProductData. If this property is present, only the respective products' artifacts are removed.

If the `log-time` property is `true`, then Qbs will emit log-data messages containing information about which part of the operation took how much time.

All other properties correspond to options of the clean command.

None of these properties are mandatory.

After all artifacts have been removed, Qbs replies with a `project-cleaned` message. If the operation was successful, this message has no properties. Otherwise, a property `error` of type ErrorInfo indicates what went wrong.

## Installing a Project

Installing is normally part of the build process. To do it in a separate step, the `install` property is set to `false` when building and a dedicated `install-project` message is sent. The other properties are:

Property | Type
--- | ---
clean-install-root | bool
dry-run | bool
install-root | FilePath
keep-going | bool
log-level | LogLevel
log-time | bool
products | list of strings
use-sysroot | bool

The elements of the `products` array correspond to a `full-display-name` of a ProductData. If this property is present, only the respective products' artifacts are installed.

If the `log-time` property is `true`, then Qbs will emit log-data messages containing information about which part of the operation took how much time.

If the `use-sysroot` property is `true` and `install-root` is not present, then the install root will be qbs.sysroot.

All other properties correspond to options of the install command.

None of these properties are mandatory.

## Canceling an Operation

Potentially long-running operations can be aborted using the `cancel-job` request. This message does not have any properties. There is no dedicated reply message; instead, the usual reply for the request associated with the currently running operation will be sent, with the `error` property set to indicate that it was canceled.

If there is no operation in progress, this request will have no effect. In particular, if it arrives after the operation that it was supposed to cancel has already finished (i.e. there is a race condition), the reply received by client code will not contain a cancellation-related error.

## Adding and Removing Source Files

Source files can be added to and removed from Qbs project files with the `add-files` and `remove-files` messages, respectively. These two requests have the same set of properties:

Property | Type
--- | ---
files | FilePath list
group | string
product | string

The `files` property specifies which files should be added or removed.

The `product` property corresponds to the `full-display-name` of a ProductData and specifies to which product to apply the operation.

The `group` property corresponds to the `name` of a GroupData and specifies to which group in the product to apply the operation.

After the operation has finished, Qbs replies with a `files-added` and `files-removed` message, respectively. Again, the properties are the same:

Property | Type | Mandatory
--- | --- | ---
error | ErrorInfo | no
failed-files | FilePath list | no

If the `error` property is present, the operation has at least partially failed and `failed-files` will list the files that could not be added or removed.

## The `get-run-environment` Message

This request retrieves the full run environment for a specific executable product, taking into account the setupRunEnvironment scripts of all modules pulled in by the product. The properties are as follows:

Property | Type | Mandatory
--- | --- | ---
base-environment | Environment | no
config | list of strings | no
product | string | yes

The `base-environment` property defines the environment into which the Qbs-specific values should be merged.

The `config` property corresponds to the --setup-run-env-config option of the run command.

The `product` property specifies the product whose environment to retrieve. The value must correspond to the `full-display-name` of some ProductData in the project.

Qbs will reply with a `run-environment` message. In case of failure, it will contain a property `error` of type ErrorInfo, otherwise it will contain a property `full-environment` of type Environment.

## The `get-generated-files-for-sources` Message

This request allows client code to retrieve information about which artifacts are generated from a given source file. Its sole property is a list `products`, whose elements are objects with the two properties `full-display-name` and `requests`. The first identifies the product to which the requests apply, and it must match the property of the same name in a ProductData in the project. The latter is a list of objects with the following properties:

Property | Type | Mandatory
--- | --- | ---
source-file | FilePath | yes
tags | list of strings | no
recursive | bool | no

The `source-file` property specifies a source file in the respective product.

The `tags` property constrains the possible file tags of the generated files to be matched. This is relevant if a source files serves as input to more than one rule or the rule generates more than one type of output.

If the `recursive` property is `true`, files indirectly generated from the source file will also be returned. The default is `false`. For instance, íf this property is enabled for a C++ source file, the final link target (e.g. a library or an application executable) will be returned in addition to the object file.

Qbs will reply with a `generated-files-for-sources` message, whose structure is similar to the request. It also has a single object list property `products`, whose elements consist of a string property `full-display-name` and an object list property `results`. The properties of these objects are:

Property | Type
--- | ---
source-file | FilePath
generated-files | FilePath list

The `source-file` property corresponds to an entry of the same name in the request, and the `generated-files` are the files which are generated by Qbs rules that take the source file as an input, taking the constraints specified in the request into account.

Source files for which the list would be empty are not listed. Similarly, products for which the `results` list would be empty are also omitted.

Note: The results may be incomplete if the project has not been fully built.

## Closing a Project

A project is closed with a `release-project` message. This request has no properties.

Qbs will reply with a `project-released` message. If no project was open, the reply will contain an `error` property of type ErrorInfo.

## Closing the Session

To close the session, a `quit` message is sent. This request has no properties.

Qbs will cancel all currently running operations and then close itself. No reply will be sent.

## Progress Messages

While a request is being handled, Qbs may emit progress information in order to enable client code to display a progress bar.

### The `task-started` Message

This is always the first progress-related message for a specific request. It appears at most once per request. It consists of a string property `description`, whose value can be displayed to users, and an integer property `max-progress` that indicates which progress value corresponds to 100 per cent.

### The `task-progress` Message

This message updates the progress via an integer property `progress`.

### The `new-max-progress` Message

This message is emitted if the original estimated maximum progress has to be corrected. Its integer property `max-progress` updates the value from a preceding task-started message.

## Messages for Users

There are two types of messages that purely contain information to be presented to users.

### The `log-data` Message

This object has a string property `message`, which is the text to be shown to the user.

### The `warning` Message

This message has a single property `warning` of type ErrorInfo.

## The `protocol-error` Message

Qbs sends this message as a reply to a request with an unknown `type`. It contains an `error` property of type ErrorInfo.

## Project Data

If a request can alter the build graph data, the associated reply may contain a `project-data` property whose value is of type TopLevelProjectData.

### TopLevelProjectData

This data type represents the entire project. It has the same properties as PlainProjectData. If it is part of a `project-resolved` message, these additional properties are also present:

Property | Type
--- | ---
build-directory | FilePath
build-graph-file-path | FilePath
build-system-files | FilePath list
overridden-properties | object
profile-data | object

The value of `build-directory` is the top-level build directory.

The `build-graph-file-path` value is the path to the build graph file.

The `build-system-files` value contains all Qbs project files, including modules and JavaScript helper files.

The value of `overridden-properties` is the one that was passed in when the project was last resolved.

The `profile-data` property maps the names of the profiles used in the project to the respective property maps. Unless profile multiplexing is used, this object will contain exactly one property.

### PlainProjectData

This data type describes a Project item. The properties are as follows:

Property | Type
--- | ---
is-enabled | bool
location | FilePath
name | string
products | ProductData list
sub-projects | PlainProjectData list

The `is-enabled` property corresponds to the project's condition.

The `location` property is the exact position in a Qbs project file where the corresponding Project item was defined.

The `products` and `sub-projects` are what the project has pulled in via its references property.

### ProductData

This data type describes a Product item. The properties are as follows:

Property | Type
--- | ---
build-directory | FilePath
dependencies | list of strings
full-display-name | string
generated-artifacts | ArtifactData list
groups | GroupData list
is-enabled | bool
is-multiplexed | bool
is-runnable | bool
location | Location
module-properties | ModulePropertiesData
multiplex-configuration-id | string
name | string
properties | object
target-executable | FilePath
target-name | string
type | list of strings
version | string

The elements of the `dependencies` array correspond to the full-display-name properties of the products that this product has pulled in via Depends items.

The `generated-artifacts` are files that are created by the rules in this product.

The `groups` list corresponds to the Group items in this product. In addition, a "pseudo-group" is created for the files property of the product itself. Its name is the same as the product's.

The `is-enabled` property corresponds to the product's condition. A product may also get disabled if it contains errors and Qbs was was instructed to operate in relaxed mode when the project was resolved.

The `is-multiplexed` property is true if and only if the product is multiplexed over one ore more properties.

The `is-runnable` property indicates whether one of the product's target artifacts is an executable file. In that case, the file is available via the `target-executable` property.

The `location` property is the exact position in a Qbs project file where the corresponding Product item was defined.

The `module-properties` object provides the values of the module properties that were requested when the project was resolved.

The `name` property is the value given in the Product item, whereas `full-display-name` is a name that uniquely identifies the product in the entire project, even in the presence of multiplexing. In the absence of multiplexing, it is the same as `name`. In either case, it is suitable for being presented to users.

See the Product item documentation for a description of the other properties.

### GroupData

This data type describes a Group item. The properties are:

Property | Type
--- | ---
is-enabled | bool
location | Location
module-properties | ModulePropertiesData
name | string
prefix | string
source-artifacts | ArtifactData list
source-artifacts-from-wildcards | ArtifactData list

The `is-enabled` property corresponds to the groups's condition. However, if the group's product is disabled, this property will always be `false`.

The `location` property is the exact position in a Qbs project file where the corresponding Group item occurs.

The `module-properties` object provides the values of the module properties that were requested when the project was resolved. If no module properties are set on the Group level and the value would therefore be the same as in the group's product, then this property is omitted.

The `source-artifacts` list corresponds the the files listed verbatim in the group's files property.

The `source-artifacts-from-wildcards` list represents the the files expanded from wildcard entries in the group's files property.

See the Group item documentation for a description of the other properties.

### ArtifactData

This data type represents files that occur in the project, either as sources or as outputs of a rules. Qbs project files, on the other hand, are not artifacts. The properties are:

Property | Type
--- | ---
file-path | FilePath
file-tags | list of strings
install-data | object
is-executable | bool
is-generated | bool
is-target | bool
module-properties | ModulePropertiesData

The `install-data` property is an object whose `is-installable` property indicates whether the artifact gets installed. If so, then the FilePath properties `install-file-path` and `install-root` provide further information.

The `is-target` property is true if the artifact is a target artifact of its product, that is, `is-generated` is true and `file-tags` intersects with the product type.

The `module-properties` object provides the values of the module properties that were requested when the project was resolved. This property is only present for generated artifacts. For source artifacts, the value can be retrieved from their group.

The other properties should be self-explanatory.

### ModulePropertiesData

This data type maps fully qualified module property names to their respective values.

## Other Custom Data Types

There are a number of custom data types that serve as building blocks in various messages. They are described below.

### FilePath

A FilePath is a string that describes a file or directory. FilePaths are always absolute and use forward slashes for separators, regardless of the host operating system.

### Location

A Location is an object representing a file path and possibly also a position within the respective file. It consists of the following properties:

Property | Type | Mandatory
--- | --- | ---
file-path | FilePath | yes
line | int | no
column | int | no

### ErrorInfo

An ErrorInfo is an object representing error information. Its sole property `items` is an array of objects with the following structure:

Property | Type | Mandatory
--- | --- | ---
description | string | yes
location | Location | no

### DataMode

This is the type of the `data-mode` property in a resolve or build request. It is used to indicate under which circumstances the reply message should include the project data. The possible values have string type and are as follows:

- `"never"`: Do not attach project data to the reply.
- `"always"`: Do attach project data to the reply.
- `"only-if-changed"`: Attach project data to the reply only if it is different from the current project data.

The default value is `"never"`.

### LogLevel

This is the type of the `log-level` property that can occur in various requests. It is used to indicate whether the client would like to receive log-data and/or warning messages. The possible values have string type and are as follows:

- "error": Do not log anything.
- "warning": Qbs may emit warnings, but no log-data messages.
- "info": In addition to warnings, Qbs may emit informational log-data messages.
- "debug": Qbs may emit debug output. No messages will be generated; instead, the standard error output channel will be used.

The default value is `"info"`.

### Environment

This data type describes a set of environment variables. It is an object whose keys are names of environment variables and whose values are the values of these environment variables.

Appendix B: Migrating from Other Build Systems ◦ Appendix D: Licenses and Code Attributions