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Today, I talk about FAI.me, which is a
build server for images.

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First, anybody that never heard anything
about FAI?

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Ok

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I started this project in 1999.

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I'm not sure…

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No, I'm sure that during those times, the
Debian installer did not have

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the preseeding stuff, so we needed
something automatically.

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I installed the first cluster with FAI and
I always do talks on FAI or

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today in the lightning talks, I talk
a little bit about dracut,

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which is used in FAI.

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So, what was the motivation.

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A neighbour of mine, she came to me with

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"My Windows desktop is broken,
can you reinstall it?"

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And in the end, I installed her Linux,
and I was shortly thinking about

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"Should I use FAI for installing her
desktop with Linux?"

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And in the end, I did not use it because
FAI is too complicated,

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like the Debian installer, I guess it's
not really that easy for beginners

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because there are a lot of questions

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but also FAI is not really for beginners.

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So this was the motivation about thinking
about FAI.

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The target group was always advanced
sysadmins

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but I thought maybe it's possible to make
FAI usable also for people

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that are not that advanced sysadmins.

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The idea is that an installer should cover
most installations.

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The Debian installer is really perfect
because I think it covers

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all different kinds and strange environments

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You can do a lot of things, you can configure
very strange combination of language,

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keyboard layout and so on

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but I was thinking about an installer
that covers 90 or 95% of the installations

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A lot of special cases can be ignored and
since the Debian installer has like

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more than 20 questions, I thought it would
be much nicer if there were only

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3 to 5 questions and I looked at Linux Mint
and Mageia installers, CentOS installer,

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and they all ask much less questions.

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In the Debian installer, we sometimes
have also things that are asked

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during the installation, so not everything
is asked at the very beginning.

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For example, the task selection, where you
select your desktop,

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is done after the base installation.

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This was also very important, I would like
to have something that

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asks everything at the very beginning.

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Then, maybe some tool could create
a customized installation image

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and this installation image should run
then completely unattended

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so you can get yourself a coffee and
when you come back, your machine is ready.

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There are 3 things to customize installation
image,

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you just put this image, you do not have
to touch anything, and then it's ready.

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I thought "Oh yes, this is FAI, maybe
FAI can do this."

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As I said, FAI is only, or was until now
only a tool for experienced sysadmins

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and you have to adjust several config
files, these are ASCII files

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but still you have to touch 5 to 10
config files to make a customization.

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So, how can I make FAI usable for
beginners?

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That's the beginning of FAI.me.

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There's a web page, we'll show it
in more detail later,

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where you can just click some things, and
then you get a customized image.

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This image can be put onto a CD, DVD or
USB stick, just with dd

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and the customization is just by using
the web interface

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so there's no need for you to edit
a text file, a config file inside FAI.

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I hope I covered most important things
that you want to adjust

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or a little bit customize.

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You can add additional packages, I think
that's the most important thing

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that people say "I want to have the normal
Debian installation

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but with some additional packages."

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And you can select different
distributions, so it's not only

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the installation image for the stable
release, you can create

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3 variants of the installation.

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This is the web page and thanks to Juri,
he did a great job

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during the first and second day, he added
a new feature that we now have

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a toggle button.

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Is it big enough or should I zoom in?

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Ok.

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So, we have a toggle button, what you see
now is just the bare minimum of questions

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and we can toggle it to more advanced
settings.

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You have to select or just leave this as
it is, username,

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if you do not enter a password, a password
will be generated and shown to you

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and sent by e-mail.

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I will now just type in the password.

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It's here in clear text, for me that's fine
because

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there's also a comment that you should
change the password after the installation

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and I do not like to enter passwords twice
so you can see what you typed in

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and hopefully do not make any wrong
mistakes.

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For example, we could select the Stretch
distribution with backports,

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so we will get a 4.15 kernel with Stretch.

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There are some buttons we can say we want
to have some Debian developer tools.

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This is what I defined in the FAI
configuration, so just a list of packages.

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Here, you can enter you own packages.

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I will select the desktop.

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You can have an installation without any
desktop, so a very small installation.

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I will select the XFCE desktop, but all
the other desktops are here.

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The language, these are just task packages
that are…

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I think Debian has much more task packages,
I just searched which are

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the most common languages, and what I do
if I say I want the spanish language,

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also the keyboard layout is spanish.

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I know there are different combinations
and with local time,

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it's getting more difficult.

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This installation will install the clock
with UTC, so if you want to set

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your time, you have to do this manually.

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I want to cover the most common installations.

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We select english US, the desktop and,
as an example, the midnight commander

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and GIMP.

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I can add an email address so if it would
take longer,

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for example if this service will have
success and a lot of people are using it,

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you may wait for some minutes so your job
will be finished.

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So here are the comments, how to reconfigure
the keyboard or the timezone

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and then you just click "Create
the installation image".

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Now, in the background, there's some job,
a script, looking "Oh, there's a new job"

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and there's a summary of the configuration,
of the web configuration.

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Down here you see these are the
FAI classes,

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I will explain a little bit more about this.

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But with this information, FAI configuration
is generated,

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that's what normally the experienced
sysadmins have to create

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but here you just click on some buttons
and it will be done for you.

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In the meantime, we have some more
advanced features

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which I will also show you later.

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For example, this very simple installation
just creates one partition

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but you can also select that you want
to have a separate /home partition

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or using lvm just by selecting this
on the web interface.

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You can also add your SSH public key
for logging as root without a password

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or what's very nice, I found the new
Ubuntu installer does this,

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you can give your github account and
then there's a command which

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receives the public key from your
github account and puts it

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into the root account so you can log in
without password.

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I think that's very neat.

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And if you have a repository with your own
packages, you could also add this and say

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"Please install those packages from
my publicly available repository."

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Let's see.

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As we see, this job finished in 74 seconds.

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Now, this customised installation image
is available for download.

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You can also download the log file.

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Since this is an installation image,
I first have to create

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a partial package mirror.

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This is done by the command 'fai-mirror'
and you can also read the log of

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this call of the fai-mirror, where a list
of all you packages with all the dependencies

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are available.

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So you see, these are the list of packages
and later they are downloaded

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and in the end, it says it created a mirror
of 1G of packages

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and since I have a local mirror,
it's very fast.

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This is the one part on the installation
image partial mirror with all the packages

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and the other is that the config space
which you can also download.

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So this is the config space that was
really created for you

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by clicking the web interface.

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If you want to do more things with FAI,
you can set up your own FAI server

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and use this configuration space.

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And, that's also very new, the two commands
that are used for creating this ISO image

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are now also listed there.

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First, create the partial mirror and then
create the installation image.

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Ok, copy link location…

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Let's see how good the network is here.

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[Q] It's a rather large image.

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Yeah, because it includes all the packages
and with Xfce, LibreOffice and so on

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and the installation environment is maybe
about 200MB.

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That's not much bigger than the Debian
installer that you need to download.

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So, 2, 1, done.

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I have a little wrapper which calls
a fresh kvm machine

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with an empty disk and boots this ISO image

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and then we will see how this installation
runs.

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So this is dracut booting the image

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and now you see there are already
some parted commands executed

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and now the packages are installed
and everything runs on

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and in the end some customization
script.

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We use only shell scripts for doing
some customizations

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and you see the files are downloaded
from /media/mirror

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so this is local on the ISO image.

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It would also be possible to create
an image without the packages

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and then give another sources.list file
so the packages would be downloaded

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from the internet but this default
in the FAI service,

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we put everything onto the ISO image.

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I guess it will run for 4 minutes.

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[Q] ???

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Yeah.

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What I will show you now is…

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So, this was the simple one, now I toggle
this web page and

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you will see that there are some more
questions you may answer,

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for example you can give a root password.

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If you leave this empty, sudo will be
configured.

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Here you can upload the SSH key or give
your Github account,

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that would be Mrfai for me.

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With the partitioning schemes, we have
one partition

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or one partition and /home separated
or these two versions with LVM.

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FAI itself can do much more, we could do
soft raid set ups, cryptsetup

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but here I want to cover the most common
installation, so very simple

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we have only 4 things that you can choose.

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[Q] For encryption?

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[A] Yes.

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So, this was the partitioning things.

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This is the new feature where you can add
an URL for your local package repository

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and the rest is the same, you can add
packages you like, your email address

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and then also create an installation image.

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I normally set… By default, I include
the nonfree linux firmware.

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This is because my target audience is
an end user and I want to make it

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very comfortable for them, so yeah,
they can just install it

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and do not have these problems.

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And since this is not on an official
debian.org web site,

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I can do this with this default.

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Let's see, the installation is still running.

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So, advanced features.

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The next thing after this installation,

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I will show you how to create cloud
images.

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Currently, we create an installation image,

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when you boot it, the installation is run
fully automatically.

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The other type of service FAI.me gives
to you is that it creates a raw image

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or some other formats as you see here,
qcow2 and whatever

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which you can just boot and
the installation is already done.

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But first, see if the installation finish.

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Ah! Ok.

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These are now the shell scripts that are
executed for the customization

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of like /etc/messages of today,
/etc/network/interfaces is written

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and so on.

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You see the installation took 236s, it says
there are some errors

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but that's not really true.

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And it stops here, but we can also
disable this, this is only for showing

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everything went well

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and now we just reboot the machine.

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You see the grub.

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Ok, Xfce desktop.

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debian was the user with password FAI.

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We have "uname -a", this is 4.16,
the backports kernel was installed there.

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We have only one partition, no LVM

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and I told it to install gimp which is
not installed by default.

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Gimp is there, so this is nice.

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And the midnight commander is also there.

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And now we just throw this machine.
Gone.

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What's very nice with this wrapper script,
it creates the local disk

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of the virtual machine in /tmp which is
a RAM disk and I love RAM,

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it's so nice and fast.

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So, this was installation image and now we
look at the cloud image.

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First, you can say how big should your
disk image be.

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Here, I say 8GB, you will see it's not
an 8GB image

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that you have to download later.

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By default, I use zstd compression.

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Anyone who does not know
this compression?

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This is very fast, very new, created
by Facebook if I'm correct.

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It's for very big files and what you should
never use is gzip with sparse images.

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The disk image is sparse and gzip
cannot handle this

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00:19:41,643 --> 00:19:45,710
so if you compress it and uncompress it
it will be very large

233
00:19:45,710 --> 00:19:52,579
and all the other, xz, zstd, can handle
sparse files very nicely.

234
00:19:54,000 --> 00:20:02,125
So, the hostname is set, the root password,
username with a password.

235
00:20:02,524 --> 00:20:04,526
Now we want to install Buster.

236
00:20:07,087 --> 00:20:08,957
Maybe with no…

237
00:20:12,007 --> 00:20:15,385
Oh, we also do the Xfce desktop.

238
00:20:16,443 --> 00:20:20,097
Any packages you'd like to have in this
cloud image.

239
00:20:21,108 --> 00:20:24,687
"desktop" and "cloud" image does not
make that much sense, maybe.

240
00:20:26,717 --> 00:20:30,780
Emacs25, ok.

241
00:20:32,888 --> 00:20:36,679
And now "Create disk image".

242
00:20:37,451 --> 00:20:42,127
This will take a little bit longer because
we are doing the installation

243
00:20:42,127 --> 00:20:45,417
inside a file image.

244
00:20:46,350 --> 00:20:52,252
But no problem, I can tell you what
other ideas I have.

245
00:20:52,823 --> 00:21:01,591
So, currently we have the installation and
the cloud or virtual machine images for amd64

246
00:21:01,591 --> 00:21:08,462
FAI itself can also do cross-architecture
images so it would be some work

247
00:21:08,462 --> 00:21:14,191
to extend the web page to say
"Please create an arm64 image"

248
00:21:14,191 --> 00:21:21,998
It would be very nice to have predefined
configs for raspberry pi or

249
00:21:21,998 --> 00:21:24,110
all the very different boards

250
00:21:24,556 --> 00:21:26,785
but that would also be possible.

251
00:21:28,577 --> 00:21:33,041
I guess the next thing I will implement
is other distributions

252
00:21:33,041 --> 00:21:35,852
because I know people are always asking it.

253
00:21:36,299 --> 00:21:38,414
Not you but the Ubuntu guys.

254
00:21:39,798 --> 00:21:44,925
Yesterday I did the first test with Ubuntu
bionic, the LTS release

255
00:21:44,925 --> 00:21:47,325
and FAI just works out of the box with it.

256
00:21:47,854 --> 00:21:53,867
So what I have to do is to integrate it
in these FAI.me processing scripts.

257
00:21:55,405 --> 00:22:00,323
Ready-to-go cloud images for the big
cloud providers.

258
00:22:02,643 --> 00:22:06,438
That's only a different FAI config space
that I have to use.

259
00:22:06,884 --> 00:22:11,070
Currently, for example, in what I call
cloud images, I do not install

260
00:22:11,070 --> 00:22:12,693
the package cloud image.

261
00:22:13,912 --> 00:22:16,674
That's needed for all the ones.

262
00:22:17,842 --> 00:22:24,865
I'm also working in the Debian cloud team
and this team decided 2 years ago

263
00:22:24,865 --> 00:22:29,873
that the tool chain in the future for
the official Debian package will be FAI.

264
00:22:31,052 --> 00:22:36,937
Amazon is already using it, so if you
boot or if you use a Debian cloud image

265
00:22:36,937 --> 00:22:41,284
in Amazon, Noah Meyerhans did this and
he's using the FAI tool chain for it.

266
00:22:41,975 --> 00:22:48,562
Google is not yet using it because there was
a very small problem

267
00:22:48,562 --> 00:22:51,737
in a config file we had one space too much

268
00:22:51,737 --> 00:22:55,273
which caused grub to hang forever

269
00:22:55,273 --> 00:23:00,657
and that was the reason why they decided
for Stretch to use their own tool chain.

270
00:23:01,041 --> 00:23:06,125
But the things are working so we have
the config space also for Google.

271
00:23:07,293 --> 00:23:12,264
And also for Azure, some people from
Credativ did this.

272
00:23:14,911 --> 00:23:18,482
The Debian cloud team already has
the FAI configuration for

273
00:23:18,482 --> 00:23:23,521
the big tool providers,
cloud providers.

274
00:23:24,821 --> 00:23:30,955
We could also think on a more generic
FAI installation image.

275
00:23:31,889 --> 00:23:37,337
It's an image that you would boot up
and then enter your job id of the web page

276
00:23:37,337 --> 00:23:39,778
and then the configuration would be
downloaded

277
00:23:39,778 --> 00:23:42,945
and the packages would be just
received from the internet.

278
00:23:43,637 --> 00:23:45,144
That was one…

279
00:23:45,511 --> 00:23:49,697
So, the image would be much smaller
because the packages do not need to be

280
00:23:49,697 --> 00:23:52,865
on the installation image.

281
00:23:54,690 --> 00:23:57,859
It's also possible to create live images
with FAI.

282
00:23:58,590 --> 00:24:00,136
It is a little bit more…

283
00:24:01,272 --> 00:24:06,558
Currently, you need some manual work
but that should be also possible

284
00:24:06,558 --> 00:24:11,157
to use FAI for creating live image
and then also to provide this

285
00:24:11,157 --> 00:24:13,802
on the FAI.me web service.

286
00:24:14,574 --> 00:24:17,738
If you want to customize much more
inside the image, you just say

287
00:24:17,738 --> 00:24:21,882
"Oh, I have some Ansible scripts that
I want to execute at the very end"

288
00:24:22,070 --> 00:24:26,967
then I say "Ok, this is just a starting
point, use the FAI.me service

289
00:24:26,967 --> 00:24:31,844
and if you're happy with the FAI tools,
then set up your own FAI server,

290
00:24:31,844 --> 00:24:37,856
create your own configuration space
and then you can do all the crazy things."

291
00:24:39,773 --> 00:24:42,335
So, how does FAI.me work internally.

292
00:24:43,148 --> 00:24:47,861
We have a web server where there are
some CGI scripts and

293
00:24:47,861 --> 00:24:53,548
this is not the build server, so on the
web server, you click "Submit"

294
00:24:53,548 --> 00:25:02,054
"Create my image", all the input
is validated so you cannot make nasty things

295
00:25:02,054 --> 00:25:08,682
and then the CGI writes or creates
a subdirectory and puts 2 files in it,

296
00:25:08,916 --> 00:25:10,301
a config and a meta file

297
00:25:11,561 --> 00:25:14,937
and writes a status
"waiting for processing".

298
00:25:15,344 --> 00:25:19,451
Then, the other server, the build server
reads this config and

299
00:25:19,451 --> 00:25:25,057
this is just an NFS mounted directory,
and sees

300
00:25:25,057 --> 00:25:27,169
"Oh there's a new job I have to process".

301
00:25:30,147 --> 00:25:33,615
In this processing script we pass for
some errors.

302
00:25:34,304 --> 00:25:39,624
What's happening very often that people
type in a package that's not available

303
00:25:39,624 --> 00:25:45,239
and this will be detected and then a new
version of the web page will pop up and say

304
00:25:45,239 --> 00:25:48,692
"Oh, when creating the package mirror,
there was an error

305
00:25:48,692 --> 00:25:50,929
because this package was not known."

306
00:25:52,882 --> 00:25:54,062
Sometimes I have to…

307
00:25:54,508 --> 00:25:57,645
Every night, I create new nfsroots
for Buster.

308
00:25:59,105 --> 00:26:03,172
If there are security updates, I have
to create new nfsroots

309
00:26:03,172 --> 00:26:05,073
for Stretch and backports.

310
00:26:05,598 --> 00:26:10,079
I have some cleanup, so if a lot of jobs
are created,

311
00:26:10,079 --> 00:26:12,758
the images are on the disk after,

312
00:26:12,758 --> 00:26:17,270
normally I say after one day I just
remove the images

313
00:26:17,270 --> 00:26:20,567
so you have one day to download
the images.

314
00:26:22,761 --> 00:26:25,763
There's 3 different configurations

315
00:26:25,763 --> 00:26:28,894
/etc/fai-stretch, /etc/buster,
/etc/fai-stretch-bpo (backports)

316
00:26:29,129 --> 00:26:30,846
We need for the installation image

317
00:26:30,846 --> 00:26:36,336
We need a different nfsroot, but
the config space that is shared

318
00:26:36,336 --> 00:26:38,283
about all configurations,

319
00:26:38,283 --> 00:26:41,209
so it doesn't matter if I install

320
00:26:41,209 --> 00:26:46,293
Stretch or Stretch backports or
Buster,

321
00:26:46,293 --> 00:26:49,583
I can use the same FAI configuration.

322
00:26:49,949 --> 00:26:53,520
Also, for building the cloud images,
I use the same FAI configuration.

323
00:26:56,327 --> 00:27:04,656
A new job is detected, then a copy of
the configuration space will be made

324
00:27:04,656 --> 00:27:07,913
and it will be customized a little bit.

325
00:27:08,352 --> 00:27:10,430
So there are a very very few changes,

326
00:27:10,430 --> 00:27:16,686
for example I have to put the SSH key
into your customized configuration space

327
00:27:16,686 --> 00:27:20,626
or the list of packages or the user and
root password.

328
00:27:21,475 --> 00:27:25,697
Then we have two things, if we want to
create the installation image,

329
00:27:25,697 --> 00:27:31,148
I first have to create the partial package
mirror and then create the installation image

330
00:27:31,148 --> 00:27:35,700
For the cloud images, we do not need
the nfsroot, we just need

331
00:27:35,700 --> 00:27:38,914
the configuration space which is
customized a little bit

332
00:27:38,914 --> 00:27:41,543
and then we can just create the disk image

333
00:27:41,543 --> 00:27:46,590
so there's one step less compared to
creating the installation ISO.

334
00:27:47,765 --> 00:27:51,507
The status on the web page will be
updated, log files written

335
00:27:51,507 --> 00:27:55,375
and if the user said "Please send me
an email if my job is ready",

336
00:27:55,375 --> 00:27:57,736
this will also be sent to the user.

337
00:27:58,593 --> 00:28:03,430
Then we have the ISO or the disk image
and this will be copied back

338
00:28:03,430 --> 00:28:07,659
to the web server where the user can then
download it.

339
00:28:08,706 --> 00:28:12,084
And since I have a lot of RAM
in this machine,

340
00:28:12,084 --> 00:28:15,533
everything is run in RAM, very very nice.

341
00:28:17,563 --> 00:28:22,804
As I said, we need an nfsroot,
a configuration space and FAI classes.

342
00:28:23,171 --> 00:28:26,260
This is a very central component in FAI

343
00:28:26,625 --> 00:28:28,819
and this is just a list of names.

344
00:28:29,387 --> 00:28:36,010
So in HOME_LVM, this is the class name,
the FAI class we describe

345
00:28:36,010 --> 00:28:38,619
and I think this is that example:

346
00:28:38,619 --> 00:28:43,452
HOME_LVM describes how to partition
the local hard disk.

347
00:28:44,795 --> 00:28:50,657
This is our very flexible tool where
we can do LVM, cryptsetups,

348
00:28:50,657 --> 00:28:52,807
software RAIDs and so on.

349
00:28:53,417 --> 00:28:57,840
But for the FAI.me service, I just created
4 different types of partitioning

350
00:28:57,840 --> 00:29:00,443
and this is the HOME_LVM example.

351
00:29:03,733 --> 00:29:07,469
So we have a list of classes and,
as I said,

352
00:29:07,469 --> 00:29:12,183
just two commands for the installation
image with a list of classes

353
00:29:12,183 --> 00:29:17,762
and for the cloud image, I have to say
how big should the disk image be,

354
00:29:17,762 --> 00:29:21,994
the list of classes and what's the target
file that should be created.

355
00:29:23,856 --> 00:29:25,891
Let's see if this is ready.

356
00:29:28,083 --> 00:29:29,137
Yes, it's ready.

357
00:29:29,504 --> 00:29:30,357
So…

358
00:29:31,820 --> 00:29:33,567
It's 1.1GB.

359
00:29:34,620 --> 00:29:36,898
Is this really the… oh yeah, raw.

360
00:29:41,076 --> 00:29:45,555
No problem, let's download it, it should
be fast.

361
00:29:48,911 --> 00:29:53,522
This is the normal architecture if you use
FAI in a client/server set up.

362
00:29:54,092 --> 00:29:57,507
You should just look on the left side
where you see

363
00:29:57,507 --> 00:30:01,535
you need the config space, an nfsroot
and a mirror

364
00:30:01,535 --> 00:30:04,048
and these parts will put onto the CD.

365
00:30:05,309 --> 00:30:08,683
If you set up a network installation thing,

366
00:30:08,914 --> 00:30:13,139
this is how things get from the server
to the client.

367
00:30:15,506 --> 00:30:21,403
For the software installation, we have
another subdirectory called package_config

368
00:30:21,403 --> 00:30:27,014
and there you also see several files
where the file name is a FAI class.

369
00:30:27,542 --> 00:30:34,003
Since in the FAI.me service every client
belongs to the class DEBIAN,

370
00:30:34,003 --> 00:30:38,723
it will install the packages that are listed
on the top

371
00:30:39,768 --> 00:30:42,774
and here we have an other class, NONFREE

372
00:30:42,774 --> 00:30:46,679
These packages are only installed if
you also said

373
00:30:46,679 --> 00:30:49,685
"Please install the nonfree packages"

374
00:30:49,685 --> 00:30:53,018
and this is mapped to a FAI class
called NONFREE.

375
00:30:53,832 --> 00:30:56,799
And there's an other class for AMD64
and so on.

376
00:30:58,870 --> 00:31:01,516
Some references.

377
00:31:02,127 --> 00:31:04,771
In the past, it looked more like this
when I said

378
00:31:04,771 --> 00:31:12,899
"Oh, who's using FAI?" and during
the last month I collected some logos

379
00:31:12,899 --> 00:31:15,537
just because it's much nicer.

380
00:31:18,865 --> 00:31:21,828
Let's see if the download was ready.

381
00:31:22,519 --> 00:31:34,922
We unzstd the FAI.me image,
faime-013Z image

382
00:31:41,253 --> 00:31:46,135
On the web site, I said I want to have
a 8GB partition,

383
00:31:46,951 --> 00:31:51,213
so now let's see how big it is.

384
00:31:51,621 --> 00:31:58,692
The file is 8, but since it's a sparse file
it's only 3.5GB

385
00:31:58,692 --> 00:32:03,324
and the compressed was 1.1GB.

386
00:32:04,381 --> 00:32:08,879
Now I use my wrapper

387
00:32:11,169 --> 00:32:17,374
and I say "Boot from disk" and this is
the FAI.me raw image, disk image

388
00:32:18,676 --> 00:32:20,630
that should be booted up.

389
00:32:33,558 --> 00:32:34,697
That's it.

390
00:32:35,836 --> 00:32:37,419
debian/fai

391
00:32:53,367 --> 00:32:57,176
Let's see if emacs is installed, yes.

392
00:32:58,886 --> 00:33:04,621
Gimp is already there, hopefully, and
the blue midnight commander.

393
00:33:14,131 --> 00:33:15,923
Let's see.

394
00:33:21,447 --> 00:33:23,113
Questions.

395
00:33:32,188 --> 00:33:37,431
[Q] I'm using the preseed file for
the debian-installer,

396
00:33:37,431 --> 00:33:40,842
do you have a conversion between
your syntax and your configuration files

397
00:33:40,842 --> 00:33:45,556
and the preseed file or maybe can you add
a download button for the preseed file

398
00:33:45,556 --> 00:33:49,010
to your web site because I think it's
rather nice to have it displayed

399
00:33:49,010 --> 00:33:50,637
in web site first.

400
00:33:51,045 --> 00:33:53,109
[A] I'm not using the debian-installer.

401
00:33:54,044 --> 00:33:58,931
I use preseeding, yes, the debconf
preseeding for the normal packages

402
00:33:58,931 --> 00:34:02,571
you can do this also in FAI and it's
the same format

403
00:34:02,571 --> 00:34:06,396
you get with debconf-get-selections.

404
00:34:07,371 --> 00:34:11,795
And what you get is you can download
your own FAI config space

405
00:34:11,795 --> 00:34:14,881
and this includes all information you need
to set up,

406
00:34:14,881 --> 00:34:20,614
to do this mirror FAI CD or the FAI disk
image command.

407
00:34:21,025 --> 00:34:27,814
But you cannot convert this config into
a d-i preseeding or vice versa,

408
00:34:27,814 --> 00:34:30,008
that's not possible.

409
00:34:31,268 --> 00:34:37,634
Because for example, for the partitioning
part I do not like to create

410
00:34:37,634 --> 00:34:42,636
from my disk config partman preseeding
file.

411
00:34:43,817 --> 00:34:46,338
You can pay me a lot of money, I will
never do this.

412
00:34:46,705 --> 00:34:51,948
You know that the partman preseeding
is very ugly and very heavy.

413
00:34:53,721 --> 00:35:01,159
For other things, yes, selection of,
for example, the selection of the language

414
00:35:01,159 --> 00:35:04,570
These are the normal preseeding we use.

415
00:35:05,026 --> 00:35:07,749
And the list of packages, task selec…

416
00:35:08,074 --> 00:35:13,840
I think it's much easier to do this in
the FAI configuration than to create

417
00:35:13,840 --> 00:35:17,710
a debian-installer preseeding.

418
00:35:19,370 --> 00:35:22,828
And why use d-i if this works for you?

419
00:35:23,112 --> 00:35:24,729
[Q] d-i works as well for me.

420
00:35:25,095 --> 00:35:27,339
[A] Yes, then fine, use it.

421
00:35:29,905 --> 00:35:36,008
[Q] Hi Thomas. Thank you very much for
this new feature in the FAI project,

422
00:35:36,008 --> 00:35:42,998
it's very nice and I found very great that
you have the output of the commands

423
00:35:42,998 --> 00:35:49,019
that you used to create the ISO image or
the cloud file.

424
00:35:50,392 --> 00:35:59,641
A question that I have is, in which servers
are located the files that we create,

425
00:35:59,641 --> 00:36:01,307
the ISO or the cloud.

426
00:36:01,632 --> 00:36:04,635
Is it a server that you own host or…

427
00:36:04,635 --> 00:36:05,860
[A] Trust me.

428
00:36:09,160 --> 00:36:10,500
Currently,

429
00:36:10,500 --> 00:36:18,832
both the web server and the FAI.me
processing build server are run

430
00:36:18,832 --> 00:36:24,960
on two machines at the university where
I work as a system administrator

431
00:36:24,960 --> 00:36:27,568
so that's also where we have a very fast
connection.

432
00:36:30,206 --> 00:36:35,859
The CGI script and shell script that is
processing these jobs is currently

433
00:36:35,859 --> 00:36:37,528
not open source.

434
00:36:38,180 --> 00:36:40,522
There are plans to do this, I'm not sure
when.

435
00:36:43,336 --> 00:36:48,012
If you want to reproduce the things, you
have the config file and you can download

436
00:36:48,012 --> 00:36:52,245
the FAI software and use these one or two
commands to reproduce it.

437
00:36:53,180 --> 00:36:57,203
Some people said "Oh, very nice service,
I would like to set up in my company".

438
00:36:57,775 --> 00:37:00,499
Then please yes, contact me and…

439
00:37:01,149 --> 00:37:06,677
Currently there are no concrete plans
to make these background scripts open source

440
00:37:06,677 --> 00:37:09,196
but it will be in some future.

441
00:37:09,764 --> 00:37:16,628
But currently, you have to trust me as
you also have to trust the package maintainers

442
00:37:16,628 --> 00:37:18,659
that will be installed there.

443
00:37:19,018 --> 00:37:23,375
But you can verify it or say "I do not
trust Thomas but I will just grab

444
00:37:23,375 --> 00:37:26,588
the FAI config space and this on my own".

445
00:37:27,156 --> 00:37:28,297
[Q] Thank you.

446
00:37:30,333 --> 00:37:33,095
[Q] There's a question from the internet.

447
00:37:34,641 --> 00:37:39,597
Why not use a proper job queuing system
like grid engine or similar?

448
00:37:40,816 --> 00:37:45,696
[A] I'm using grid engine at work for
different things.

449
00:37:47,652 --> 00:37:53,824
It started as a very simple project, so
in the end it's just a loop which

450
00:37:53,824 --> 00:37:56,885
checks if there's new jobs on that.

451
00:37:57,169 --> 00:38:01,719
Currently, I do not process jobs
in parallel, currently there's no need for it

452
00:38:02,898 --> 00:38:07,245
If this project will be very successful,
yeah, I have to use a queuing system.

453
00:38:07,854 --> 00:38:10,492
It's, yeah, a very simple script.

454
00:38:10,775 --> 00:38:14,677
But it would be also possible with
a proper queuing system.

455
00:38:17,116 --> 00:38:18,254
More questions?

456
00:38:18,781 --> 00:38:20,491
[Q] I have a bunch of questions.

457
00:38:21,913 --> 00:38:25,113
First, what is it that you use for
partitioning?

458
00:38:26,825 --> 00:38:31,558
[A] I'm using a Perl script that we wrote
several years ago in FAI

459
00:38:31,558 --> 00:38:37,709
and we defined this config file,
this package config

460
00:38:37,709 --> 00:38:46,083
and the Perl script parses this script
and then executes the parted and mkfs command

461
00:38:46,083 --> 00:38:51,447
which you can see in the log files, so if
you want to see what does FAI do

462
00:38:51,447 --> 00:38:55,673
after parsing this, which commands are
executed, you see everything

463
00:38:55,673 --> 00:38:57,216
on the log files.

464
00:38:57,641 --> 00:39:03,334
[Q] Right, but so you turn this text
into partitioning…

465
00:39:04,190 --> 00:39:05,328
[A] commands, yeah.

466
00:39:05,573 --> 00:39:09,351
[Q] But the text looks like this,
like with the spaces and everything.

467
00:39:09,351 --> 00:39:14,345
[A] You can use more or less spaces
or do you like,

468
00:39:14,345 --> 00:39:16,509
should I convert it to XML?

469
00:39:18,641 --> 00:39:20,537
[Q] Ok, then my next question is

470
00:39:20,537 --> 00:39:25,090
what are you using the nfsroot for when
you're generating the images?

471
00:39:25,983 --> 00:39:32,079
[A] The nfsroot is used only for the
installation image.

472
00:39:32,079 --> 00:39:37,090
When I do the installation, I need to boot
the machine as a diskless client,

473
00:39:37,090 --> 00:39:41,774
so it's just what the debian-installer
loads into RAM,

474
00:39:41,774 --> 00:39:43,358
you need a running Linux system.

475
00:39:43,508 --> 00:39:46,196
This is our nfsroot, on the installation
image.

476
00:39:47,536 --> 00:39:52,081
When you boot installation image, this
nfsroot with all the commands we need

477
00:39:52,081 --> 00:39:55,706
are started without using the local disk
and then we can do

478
00:39:55,706 --> 00:39:59,035
everything on the disk, /root and /target
and so on.

479
00:39:59,606 --> 00:40:04,519
The nfsroot is the system that is running
during the installation.

480
00:40:07,361 --> 00:40:11,590
[Q] Ok, but there's no need for this to be
nfs, it could be a

481
00:40:11,590 --> 00:40:14,397
[A] It's called nfsroot.

482
00:40:14,397 --> 00:40:19,794
This is very common that people call it
nfsroot

483
00:40:19,794 --> 00:40:23,862
and if you have this network installation
thing, it's really an nfsroot.

484
00:40:24,145 --> 00:40:26,256
But you're right.

485
00:40:26,256 --> 00:40:32,186
On the installation ISO, it's not nfs,
it's just a local file system, yes.

486
00:40:35,229 --> 00:40:38,891
[Q] Alright. So, I think it's my last
comment.

487
00:40:38,891 --> 00:40:45,355
You have the ISO from which you install
and when you install from the ISO

488
00:40:45,355 --> 00:40:50,669
you're installing then packages on the
machine, and then you have the image

489
00:40:50,669 --> 00:40:54,660
which is like a disk image that has
the packages already installed,

490
00:40:54,660 --> 00:40:57,585
so you skip the installing step.

491
00:40:59,089 --> 00:41:02,753
Have you thought about having
an intermediate thing

492
00:41:02,753 --> 00:41:06,810
where you download an image that
already has the packages installed?

493
00:41:09,987 --> 00:41:11,733
[A] That's also possible.

494
00:41:11,733 --> 00:41:18,199
When you do an installation, before you
can change root in the new system

495
00:41:18,199 --> 00:41:21,650
for adding packages, you have to call
debootstrap.

496
00:41:22,501 --> 00:41:26,363
What we do, we call debootstrap once and
create a tar file out of it.

497
00:41:27,415 --> 00:41:31,935
This is our minimal… in the former days
it was the floppy disk,

498
00:41:31,935 --> 00:41:34,491
our base tar.gz file,

499
00:41:34,491 --> 00:41:39,779
so you could exchange the minimal tar file
with whatever tar file you have.

500
00:41:40,756 --> 00:41:44,169
That's for example what we do if we install
Ubuntu.

501
00:41:44,864 --> 00:41:49,739
We boot the installation system which is
a Debian system

502
00:41:49,739 --> 00:41:57,096
and then create the local filesystem and
extract an Ubuntu base image

503
00:41:57,096 --> 00:42:02,012
and then we can change root into
the Ubuntu or the same for CentOS and so on

504
00:42:02,012 --> 00:42:07,014
then we can change root into the other
Linux system and add packages there.

505
00:42:07,540 --> 00:42:13,108
If you have already a bigger image with
some more packages added there,

506
00:42:13,108 --> 00:42:18,188
it's very easy to say "Do not extract the
Debian Stretch image

507
00:42:18,188 --> 00:42:22,494
but use my image which also
includes other tools."

508
00:42:23,273 --> 00:42:27,248
And if you are fine with that, you can
just extract the tar file.

509
00:42:30,583 --> 00:42:33,097
[Q] Ok. Any more questions?

510
00:42:41,268 --> 00:42:43,136
[Q] The heading is in german.

511
00:42:43,623 --> 00:42:44,352
[A] What?

512
00:42:44,679 --> 00:42:45,568
[Q] The heading is in german.

513
00:42:45,568 --> 00:42:48,943
[A] Oh, because it's a copy of my german
slides.

514
00:42:50,641 --> 00:42:53,050
Thank you for this.

515
00:42:53,326 --> 00:42:55,287
And, what's also missing.

516
00:42:55,287 --> 00:43:00,357
The web page, where you can select german
or other languages,

517
00:43:00,357 --> 00:43:04,543
it would be nice if people are interested
to help translate them

518
00:43:04,543 --> 00:43:09,792
so that it's more easy for people that
do not speak english

519
00:43:09,792 --> 00:43:14,871
to use the website and create their own
installation image with their language.

520
00:43:23,500 --> 00:43:28,099
[Q] Someone on the stream said that
the fai.me web site is not yours

521
00:43:28,099 --> 00:43:33,343
and it's a hack thing, it's a scam, you go
there and get hacked.

522
00:43:33,790 --> 00:43:36,755
Do you have any plans to try to buy
the domain because it's pretty confusing.

523
00:43:37,159 --> 00:43:40,732
The first thing I would have done
by seeing that talk would have been

524
00:43:40,732 --> 00:43:41,991
to go to fai.me.

525
00:43:42,436 --> 00:43:48,812
[A] Yeah, I was thinking about which name
I should choose.

526
00:43:49,339 --> 00:43:54,222
I didn't check which web domains are free
and in then end I thought

527
00:43:54,222 --> 00:43:58,612
"Do I like to have a different domain name
for the service?"

528
00:43:58,612 --> 00:44:03,006
But since it's only a part of the FAI
project, I thought,

529
00:44:03,006 --> 00:44:07,771
and technically it was also easier just
to host it under a subdirectory

530
00:44:07,771 --> 00:44:16,921
and yeah, if people now grab the fai.me
domain and do other things with it, yeah.

531
00:44:17,445 --> 00:44:24,900
I think one question would be to use
a debian.net or maybe debian.org domain

532
00:44:24,900 --> 00:44:27,735
because people trust much more.

533
00:44:28,024 --> 00:44:32,374
I get a lot of comments "Oh this would
be very nice if this would be hosted

534
00:44:32,374 --> 00:44:34,283
on a Debian machine"

535
00:44:34,607 --> 00:44:38,510
but this would be much more complicated
because the DSA team

536
00:44:38,510 --> 00:44:43,064
has much more restriction what to execute
on their machines.

537
00:44:43,796 --> 00:44:48,631
currently, we need root access because
we mount some things

538
00:44:48,631 --> 00:44:55,019
and DSA would not give me root access
on any Debian machine.

539
00:44:55,831 --> 00:44:59,535
That's the same problem we have
in the Debian cloud team

540
00:44:59,535 --> 00:45:04,367
where we want to create the official
images for the cloud providers

541
00:45:04,367 --> 00:45:08,560
where the Debian cloud team will also
not have root access

542
00:45:08,560 --> 00:45:13,388
and so there's much more work to get
empty virtual machines

543
00:45:13,388 --> 00:45:18,155
starting up, putting data into it,
creating the images,

544
00:45:18,155 --> 00:45:20,914
receiving them from inside the image.

545
00:45:22,173 --> 00:45:26,846
And since on those machines I have
root access, that's much easier for me.

546
00:45:29,966 --> 00:45:33,393
We are out of time, so thank you Thomas.

547
00:45:34,652 --> 00:45:40,099
[Applause]