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EasterHegg 18 preroll music

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Benjamin: Yeah, my name is Benjamin Wand
and I wanted to talk about organ building.

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Why do I do that? First of all I like
musical instruments in general, and

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then I noticed that it is
actually a cool nerd topic

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because it connects two things that,
or it has two things that

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always are present with nerd-things, 
first of all making things available,

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that is, musical instrument making still
gets passed on from master

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to disciple and it is not so 
greatly publicly documented and is

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just cool to reverse-engineer things.
And the other thing is that with

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nerd-things one always likes to 
absurdly optimize, and that is in any case

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given as well for musical instrument
making, they are very, they work

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very precisely and have very exact ideas
about what they do

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so to speak musical instrument making
is all in all a perfect

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nerd-topic. Yes, everyone has seen 
an organ, they look like that, and what

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you see here only the facade, 
there are many more

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organ pipes inside, one takes
just a bunch that one finds pretty and

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attaches them in the front, such an 
interior designer person does that. And

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behind that, that thing is called positive
when there are organ pipes in the middle

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of the gallery, behind that is the 
console, that is so to speak the

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user interface. But I thought I'd first
say some general things, well

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laughter
somewhere data has to get in, one

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pushes buttons and stuff and then
somewhere comes air. A big church organ

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runs at something like 0.1 bar but it is a
lot of volume, that is why there are those

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bellows. Organ builders indeed still put
stones on their bellows for the weight

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nowadays. Somehow data has to get from 
A to B, therefore many organ builders have

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thought out many things, mostly they have
to do with mechanical transmission

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or with pneumatic transmission and of
course nowadays also electronic.

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And then we have organized air, that is
what actually happens with

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wind instruments, it goes to the pipes 
and tones come out. Like I said, there are

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very many kinds of organ pipes,
they all sound a bit differently.

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Those are common models
that someone has kindly

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drawn for the Wikipedia, and then it is
like that that of every kind of pipe

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which is present there is one keyboard
full of pipes available,

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very small to very big, and they are called 
something with foot and that is the

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length of the lowest tone, when for instance
a row of organ pipes is called '8 foot'

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that means that the longest pipe is 
eight foot long, 2.40 meters

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This one could call the cockpit of a
romantic organ. Organs were, ...

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there is a big period in the
Baroque Music and a big period in the

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Romantic Music. There are the keyboards,
at organs they are called

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manual and then down there there is a 
foot-keyboard, called pedal, then it has

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stuff to set dynamics here, down there 
are things to operate by foot,

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a lever can be operated like that
there are also some to roll

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there are here on the side, and there are
displays for the status

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And then there are all those 
toggle switches, they are the

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stop tabs, they make whether 
a row of organ pipes is on

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one can imagine it like that, given
you have these kinds of pipes, they

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stick to a keyboard, there is always 
a set of organ pipes per keyboard

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this is only one octave but virtually 
in every box would be a pipe

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of every kind one, of every size one,
four and a half octaves for

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one keyboard and two and a half for the
pedal. And they stand in a

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toe board, it is not necessarily 
rectangular but they mill-cut around the

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corner if that fits better
and when one chooses pipes

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now those both rows, so to say
they are on, and then pushes

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one tone, the yellow sketched in pipes
receive air and it toots.

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Yes? That is how it works. Ok, and what
now? Like I said I like musical instruments

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and last summer I had an internship at an
organ maker and

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unfortunately I found it terrible, but for
me the result was that I wanted to try to

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build an organ with real dynamics like
on a piano. Now I'm

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one too far but that doesn't matter. 
Like that, that is a recording that I

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... electronically ... doesn't sound well,
but just that you see

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what I mean by dynamics, because there
aren't always only musicians.

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It still has to work.
electic piano

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That is so to say 'piano',
if you push hard

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loud and soft tones come.
electric piano

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If you do that with an organ it doesn't 
work, no matter how hard you push, ok?

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Hammond organ

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Not hard to see.
Hammond organ

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That is an old thing, trying to teach
dynamics to keyboard instruments,

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the piano emerged that way, regarding 
the harpsichord people complained

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that it sounds like 8-bit music and people
wanted more resolution.

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laughter
Exactly. And for the organ it still

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doesn't really work. There are several
reasons for that. First of all,

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keyboard instrument in general have 
a focus on music theory. If you

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imagine a band, the dude at the keyboard
is the nerd. Not always but that's a thing.

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And that a tone on a keyboard instrument,
that it is one state,

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a digital state, buys polyphony.
One can play many tones at once

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and do complex things on the piano
and that is possible

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because one tone is always one thing,
otherwise it would be crazy. There are

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those seaboards where you can slide the
finger, but I haven't seen

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decent music for it, at least no 
polyphonic one. That is the classic

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that keyboard instruments are connected
with music theory and polyphony

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Then this is the case with organs:
they are expensive and very

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conservative people pay for it, 
churches and alike, they don't like

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experiments. And if an inventor
builds something, he builds a prototype

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with three tones, and then a musician makes
sung: doo doo doo doo doo doo

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'What is this? 
I can not do anything with it'

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And then, there are two types of organ 
pipes that were on the picture,

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labial pipes and lingual pipes, and those
are labial pipes. They look like

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a recorder and work like it,
and are limited in their ability to

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perform dynamics because
the pitch changes, like that

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labial pipe Do you hear that? 
It goes a bit higher and lower

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and that makes many things in music

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complicated. Not impossible but it is
a disadvantage

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Like shown in the picture of the cockpit,
there were attempts to get

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dynamics on the organ. The first one was 
the swell box, there is a set

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of organ pipes in a box
and it has doors in he front that

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can be closed and opened and
depending how open they are

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the louder or softer it is. And then,
in the Romantic Organ one invented

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a thing called crescendo pedal, 
there you can't only switch on

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and off organ stops with a toggle switch

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but thee are presets where you can
choose loudness and it works

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on its own, switches stops on and off

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depending how 'loud' you make it. But
then it still doesn't influence how

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much you push on each key, right? The
volume adjustment ist always for

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the entire keyboard. 
And then in Romantic Music some organs

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had the feature that when
you depress a button only half way

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the pipe only gets half air.
Thats nice, and you saw with the pipe

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it is a bit complicated but possible.

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This technology had the problem that

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when you depressed a key
you always had to lift each valve

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that belonged to all the used pipes,
meaning that if you used

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many stops you had to push very hard
with your fingers, that's why

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it was hard for musicians.
And now one can

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replicate that with electronics,
one measures

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how deeply the key is depressed, 
with a hall sensor, and then one moves

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the valve on the other side, 
like the input was.

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There is this yummy talk, they explain it 
thoroughly how this company Heuss does it,

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that is one of their employees, 
they programmed it.

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The problem though is, and that is why
I don't consider it a solution:

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one can't play with half depressed keys.
Imagine writing code and some shortcuts

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are on half depressed keys.

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laughter

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Nice thing, I call it 'expressive play',

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it is still not dynamics but 
expressive play.

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Not bad, actually quite cool, 
but still not dynamics.

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What have I done until now?

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First of all I looked into this problem
that pipes have this property

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to change the pitch with the air pressure.
Or rather

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I didn't do it but 25 years ago someone 
invented a new type or organ pipe.

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I have to go to FreeCAD.
This is a reed of a harmonica

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or any other free reed instrument,

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the thin sheet is fixed on the 
thick sheet with a rivet, and if you

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blow on it from above a tone comes,
approximately like that.

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harmonica-tone
And the interesting thing he invented,

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his name was Ernst Zacharias,

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is that if you put such a thing
the wrong way around

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into a tube, it shouldn't work but it does.

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And that is a not so good pipe

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but I made one myself.
Like I said, it has the lovely property

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that you can change the volume a bit

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without changing the pitch.
Zacharias-pipe

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Though one can see in the spectrogram
that the partials change a bit.

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Zacharias-pipe

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When one blows more there are more 
overtones, it isn't entirely

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free of side effects but that is 
quite cool.

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Then, I 3d-printed many organ pipes 
and brought some.

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Those, there is a list how to do it,

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how to do the proportions
if you have different sizes of organ pipes.

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I've made a standard set
with different diameters of tube.

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The reason for the tubes is: organ pipes

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are large, they don't fit into the 3d 
printer, I didn't want to do wood working,

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led isn't that good in the kitchen.
laughter

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Organ metal is a great material 
but not so accessible for private people.

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Those are pipes that should belong 
together, that are made according to

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standard measurements.

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labial pipe
Maybe we should go back to

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the spectrogram, that is interesting 
as well. And the meaning of the matter

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is supposed to be that the overtone-stuff
looks somewhat similar.

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labial pipe

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I'd say that is alright, for other pipes
it looks very differently,

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that is a flute.
labial pipe

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See it, right?
inaudible question from the audience

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Yes, maybe I should talk a bit about this.

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The lowest tone is the one you hear,
for example that one, and then it is the

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case that in a resonator not only the 
basic frequency vibrates

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but also multiples of it, and depending
what shape the pipe has, like

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how big this hole is in relation to 
the length and diameter

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these proportions influence the sound

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and that is how there are different kinds 
of organ pipes.

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inaudible question from the audience
'How many partials do I want'

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was the question, 
I should repeat the questions. That is ...

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I'd love to have such recordings from 
normal organ pipes but I don't have them.

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inaudible question from the audience
Printing those things once

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in different sizes was the goal here, 
to see whether if the

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proportions are similar, do they sound 
similar enough to be called one organ stop.

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What one can see with them is that they

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sound funny in the beginning,

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always when I start to blow, 
instantly really, I get the tone you saw.

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labial pipe

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But when I blow little you see 
a funny effect.

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labial pipe Great (not).
But here in the beginning one could see it.

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labial pipe
Before it had a little swerve.

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That means, I wouldn't print a whole set
of them, as they are now, for

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an organ with dynamics, 
that would be rubbish.

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I'll talk about the file now.
These FreeCAD files can be found on GitHub,

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and when one look at one, 
one first has to go to the spreadsheet,

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put in values for the thickness of the 
tube, outside and inside, how wide

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and high do I want that opening.
And the block chamfer, honestly

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I don't know what it is good for
but it exists in recorders,

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it is this edge here, one can switch it 
on and off in the FreeCAD file.

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And this is such an organ pipe.
I've always slices them at a 45° angle,

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like that, with the goal to not have

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to remove support structure from inside,
one always tries to get the labium smooth,

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and also this tube where you blow through

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if you have support structure inside
it is not so nice to get out.

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So, I always printed them on 45°,

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and then I had the idea
to rotate the interesting part 45°

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and designed those. 
I've tried printing but it didn't work.

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There is a 3d printer in the hackcenter
but it is clogged.

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I'm very curious how it'll sound, whether 
this is useful.

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I've also made other experimental things 
like traverse flutes

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and funny things where you can stick 
a tube in on both sides.

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One can design the wildest things in 3d.

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inaudible question from the audience
I do't understand the question.

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Wait, there is a microphone for you.
Audience: The result is,

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if it sounds at all it should sound with 
a wide spectrum, with a washed-out tone,

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right?
Benjamin: I'm curious.

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I've made fun things, 
for instance files with

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a curved labium. I'm interested in this
because it limits the effect

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that the pitch changes, it is less in those.

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labial pipe
It is there but very small, much less

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then with those. I don't know why.
And curved labium is also new, I haven't

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seen musical instruments with that feature,

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because if you build from wood it would 
be complicated but with 3d printing -

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no problem. laughter

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I'm curious how it sounds, 
I have no idea, none at all.

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But if it would work that would be cool.

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inaudible question from the audience
Yes, when I'm home I can do this

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but if someone could print it now that
would be cool, sure, then we can try

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it here at EasterHegg.

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Another thing I've changed is the thing
is the thing at the bottom, for the case

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to stick a tube inside because I thought
a good next step would be

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a small instrument with pneumatic action

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and no or almost no electronics

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in order to test pipes on a keybord

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because so far I can only blow inside,

227
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would be cooler to play on a keyboard.
That is an image of a pipe I've played

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so that you can imagine it better.

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So far I've just fixed it with tape.

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That is another folder, also on GitHub,

231
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it has those inverted free reed pipes.

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A thing that I find particularly 
interesting with those pipes is

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playing Shepherd tones. Like that, 
imagine that the red tones are 'f's,

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one would play 'f's of all octaves at once,

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in the middle louder than outside.
That is a popular toy in film music,

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one can do fun psychoacoustic tricks 
with it and this would be the first time

237
00:21:29,940 --> 00:21:35,200
to play Shepherd tones 
on an acoustic instrument.

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It would be either possible to build
a stop of Shepherd tones,

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which would be plausible as well because
one needs eight octaves, which is

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00:21:46,840 --> 00:21:54,360
more than a normal organ has, or one
does it with proportional air supply,

241
00:21:54,360 --> 00:22:00,080
that the pipes that play the Shepherd 
tones can be used as normal tones.

242
00:22:00,080 --> 00:22:10,470
Thoughts about keyboard expression.

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00:22:10,470 --> 00:22:13,500
I had mentioned before that there are those
Romantic organs that measure what

244
00:22:13,500 --> 00:22:18,169
gets replicated as electronic, how deeply 
the key is depressed. That isn't the

245
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only possibility how to do that.
If one builds an electric piano,

246
00:22:22,900 --> 00:22:26,890
the speed, in which the keys get

247
00:22:26,890 --> 00:22:32,690
depressed, gets measured, that is

248
00:22:32,690 --> 00:22:36,830
another input, and a third way is the 
pressure on the key, that is when one buys

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a keyboard with polyphonic aftertouch,
it measured the pressure

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on the depressed keys. And in the long 
run I'd prefer that, becauee

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then one can change the volume of an
already pressed key, other than when

252
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measuring the speed. On the other hand

253
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you don't have the problem of not being 
able to play with half depressed keys.

254
00:23:02,590 --> 00:23:06,950
How ever, it will be a new instrument and
I'm assuming that it'll take a pianist

255
00:23:06,950 --> 00:23:09,950
two or three months to get used to it, to

256
00:23:09,950 --> 00:23:16,240
this new way, that the pressure gets 
measured. Most pianists can't play

257
00:23:16,240 --> 00:23:19,650
on the clavichord. At the clavichord the
pressure gets measured and

258
00:23:19,650 --> 00:23:22,970
influences the pitch. Usually it sounds 
terrible at first but

259
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some pianists can already do it, 
one can learn it.

260
00:23:26,029 --> 00:23:32,220
How ever. There is one thing I need
and not having it keeps me from

261
00:23:32,220 --> 00:23:38,330
progressing with the project, and I'm 
hoping for a miracle in the form of

262
00:23:38,330 --> 00:23:44,720
a person, and the problem is the actuator.
An organ with electric direct action

263
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would use an actuator that looks like this

264
00:23:47,891 --> 00:23:52,179
there are two magnets and this thing here

265
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can be moved up and down, proportionally
how deeply the key is depressed.

266
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The problem is that this is fairly 
expensive and I'd like to have one for

267
00:24:04,429 --> 00:24:10,380
each pipe, I'd like to get rid of the 
matrix, also for example

268
00:24:10,380 --> 00:24:13,890
for performing Shepherd tones.

269
00:24:13,890 --> 00:24:23,029
If each pipe gets their own actuator, 
that is a point where I can't continue

270
00:24:23,029 --> 00:24:26,370
at the moment, why I would build

271
00:24:26,370 --> 00:24:30,270
a small thing with pneumatic action
because that is easier.

272
00:24:30,270 --> 00:24:35,340
If someone had an idea about
fluid dynamics, that would be cool

273
00:24:35,340 --> 00:24:37,960
to figure out why the pipes with

274
00:24:37,960 --> 00:24:42,520
the curved labium change the pitch 
less than the others.

275
00:24:42,520 --> 00:24:48,320
That would be cool.
And i've told the thing with the

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00:24:48,320 --> 00:24:54,550
actuator to many people, and then they 
reply 'use a servo'. But that won't work

277
00:24:54,550 --> 00:25:01,850
because they are either too slow
or too noisy. You've probably seen

278
00:25:01,850 --> 00:25:05,320
on YouTube someone play the 
Super Mario theme on

279
00:25:05,320 --> 00:25:09,549
stepper motors. They are really noisy!
Or they are expensive.

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Less noisy servos exist but somewhere 
in this triangle it is not getting better.

281
00:25:13,980 --> 00:25:18,470
Pneumatics, same problem, also
expensive.

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00:25:18,470 --> 00:25:28,830
inaudible question from the audience
Question: what does the actuator do?

283
00:25:28,830 --> 00:25:34,169
The actuator does that a thing can move
between two points, and also in-between.

284
00:25:34,169 --> 00:25:39,030
And I'd say that the illusion of it being

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00:25:39,030 --> 00:25:41,350
continuous would be at at least 20 steps.

286
00:25:41,350 --> 00:25:48,080
inaudible question from the audience
Exactly, I need a proportional valve.

287
00:25:48,080 --> 00:25:57,669
Like I said, at the moment I'm planning

288
00:25:57,669 --> 00:26:01,830
to build a small instrument with pneumatic
action in order to continue working

289
00:26:01,830 --> 00:26:06,919
on my pipes. The whole stuff in on GitHub
if you're curious, and I'm looking

290
00:26:06,919 --> 00:26:13,559
to hear from other builders of
musical instruments.

291
00:26:13,559 --> 00:26:16,960
Are there more questions? There is a
microphone, than the questions will

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00:26:16,960 --> 00:26:24,549
be on the stream, that would be cool.
There is one.

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00:26:24,549 --> 00:26:39,169
Audience: Hi, I'm Max and I play organ.
Hello Martin. And I work at a university

294
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that has measurement technology,
and we do a course,

295
00:26:42,580 --> 00:26:46,039
so far I'm officially responsible,
for the Cultural Studies, what

296
00:26:46,039 --> 00:26:51,110
was it called? Digital Sound-synthesis.
There we have some measuring devices and

297
00:26:51,110 --> 00:26:53,340
the university does have an organ.
You've said

298
00:26:53,340 --> 00:26:58,410
you'd like to do acoustic measurements 
of some stops,

299
00:26:58,410 --> 00:27:00,710
Possibly you can be helped.

300
00:27:00,710 --> 00:27:05,160
Benjamin: Oh yes, that sounds great, we
should do it. The files

301
00:27:05,160 --> 00:27:09,159
are called '0 - something', and
that is very undetermined,

302
00:27:09,159 --> 00:27:13,260
I thought I'd go '1' once I've figured out
how I want to do it with the toe board.

303
00:27:13,260 --> 00:27:24,169
So to speak what is there on the right,

304
00:27:24,169 --> 00:27:27,440
organ pipes have certain diameters
that have to fit, one can exchange

305
00:27:27,440 --> 00:27:30,970
the pipes, and I haven#t figured out
how I'd do it because I always used to

306
00:27:30,970 --> 00:27:34,950
blow in with the mouth and I thought
I'll call it '1-something' after deciding

307
00:27:34,950 --> 00:27:38,730
how the lower side should look like,

308
00:27:38,730 --> 00:27:46,330
the interface to the outside. Yes, 
I'd have to do that in order to

309
00:27:46,330 --> 00:27:51,000
put the 3d printed pipes into a toe board,
right? You don't know either.

310
00:27:51,000 --> 00:27:53,910
inaudible question from the audience

311
00:27:53,910 --> 00:28:00,049
That would be cool, because it is badly
documented until now, I rarely

312
00:28:00,049 --> 00:28:06,159
find spectrograms like this.

313
00:28:06,159 --> 00:28:13,130
inaudible question from the audience
Yes, we'll talk afterwards, looking forwards.

314
00:28:13,130 --> 00:28:19,950
There, another question.
Audience: In Stuttgart at ...

315
00:28:19,950 --> 00:28:23,019
Benjamin: ... Fraunhofer ...
Audience: ... am Fraunhofer Institut,

316
00:28:23,019 --> 00:28:26,429
okay, you know them.
Benjamin: I've tried to contact them

317
00:28:26,429 --> 00:28:28,490
but nothing happened.

318
00:28:28,490 --> 00:28:31,211
Audience: Ok, that is unfortunate because
coincidentally

319
00:28:31,211 --> 00:28:37,520
I know that they have a tool for 
parametric design of organ pipes, where

320
00:28:37,520 --> 00:28:41,789
one can choose partials and they also do

321
00:28:41,789 --> 00:28:47,010
fluid dynamics and stuff.

322
00:28:47,010 --> 00:28:51,529
But I don't know either how happily
they give it to people but they

323
00:28:51,529 --> 00:28:55,120
certainly have cool things.
Benjamin: Ja, that was what I found as

324
00:28:55,120 --> 00:29:00,540
well, but like I said, they didn't want
to talk to me. Good, there is

325
00:29:00,540 --> 00:29:05,899
another question next to you.
Audience: I can make contact,

326
00:29:05,899 --> 00:29:10,820
my cousin is professional organ builder,

327
00:29:10,820 --> 00:29:16,059
who usually does restoration and new
construction of classical pipe organs,

328
00:29:16,059 --> 00:29:19,200
but I could imagine to make contact and
one could visit his workshop

329
00:29:19,200 --> 00:29:22,230
that should be easy.

330
00:29:22,230 --> 00:29:24,930
Benjamin: Where is it?

331
00:29:24,930 --> 00:29:27,930
Audience: Siegen.
Benjamin: Mh, like I said, I did an

332
00:29:27,930 --> 00:29:30,240
internship at an organ workshop, that
wasn't delightful.

333
00:29:30,240 --> 00:29:32,920
Audience: That wasn't my cousin.

334
00:29:32,920 --> 00:29:34,920
Benjamin: Yeah ...
laughter

335
00:29:34,920 --> 00:29:38,880
Benjamin: But sure, I don't think that my
3d printed organ pipes are that supreme,

336
00:29:38,880 --> 00:29:45,100
right? Rather it is a toy for prototyping

337
00:29:45,100 --> 00:29:49,080
and trying things out, like

338
00:29:49,080 --> 00:29:53,470
curved labium, that would be a lot more
effort with wood, and metal would

339
00:29:53,470 --> 00:29:57,290
but someone would have to pay for it.

340
00:29:57,290 --> 00:30:06,679
I don't know what exactly metal pipes 
cost but more than this.

341
00:30:06,679 --> 00:30:13,059
Audience: At a restauration sometimes

342
00:30:13,059 --> 00:30:17,590
some pipes are left over.

343
00:30:17,590 --> 00:30:22,700
Benjamin: Yes, cool, thanks.

344
00:30:22,700 --> 00:30:33,360
Are there more questions? You can also
try all of them, for instance this

345
00:30:33,360 --> 00:30:38,460
where one sticks it in the middle, oh,
ask your question.

346
00:30:38,460 --> 00:30:40,549
Audience: What do you want to determine

347
00:30:40,549 --> 00:30:45,391
with your proportional valve, 
the pressure or the volume of air?

348
00:30:45,391 --> 00:30:54,779
Benjamin: The volume. The pressure is even
per stop, different stops can have

349
00:30:54,779 --> 00:30:58,670
different pressure but the pressure

350
00:30:58,670 --> 00:31:06,549
is even within one stop, and then the

351
00:31:06,549 --> 00:31:15,200
actuator moves right-left back and forth,

352
00:31:15,200 --> 00:31:20,559
to move the valve.

353
00:31:20,559 --> 00:31:26,870
inaudible question from the audience

354
00:31:26,870 --> 00:31:32,179
That is really a bit odd.

355
00:31:32,179 --> 00:31:36,389
This looks like a recorder, right?

356
00:31:36,389 --> 00:31:40,670
And in a recorder, German: Blockflöte,
there is the block inside. But here

357
00:31:40,670 --> 00:31:50,909
nothing alike is inside. I found it funny 
that that works and thought apparently

358
00:31:50,909 --> 00:31:55,419
the labium doesn't need to be at the 
end of the pipe, it isn't

359
00:31:55,419 --> 00:31:59,700
necessary, and then I made one ...
or several ... where one can plug in a

360
00:31:59,700 --> 00:32:02,620
tube on both ends. But I can't make sense

361
00:32:02,620 --> 00:32:11,799
of the pitch that comes out.
labial pipe, several pitches

362
00:32:11,799 --> 00:32:23,809
laughter Interesting, but 
I don't have an explanation.

363
00:32:23,809 --> 00:32:38,230
What? Ok.
labial pipe, several pitches

364
00:32:38,230 --> 00:32:48,250
inaudible question from the audience
Yes, that is plausible but why so high,

365
00:32:48,250 --> 00:32:59,909
the length if the pipe doesn't 
match the pitch.

366
00:32:59,909 --> 00:33:06,649
Yeah.
inaudible question from the audience

367
00:33:06,649 --> 00:33:19,350
What do I do when I cover what?
Oh yes, let's try.

368
00:33:19,350 --> 00:33:28,159
labial pipe, changing pitch
laughter

369
00:33:28,159 --> 00:33:33,169
music
There are several ways to tune

370
00:33:33,169 --> 00:33:37,070
organ pipes, this is one of them. There is
a piece of sheet metal attached on top

371
00:33:37,070 --> 00:33:45,419
and you can bend it onto and away from the
pipe. I've also tried 3d printing items

372
00:33:45,419 --> 00:33:51,039
for tuning organ pipes but that was 
all rubbish, the only thing that worked

373
00:33:51,039 --> 00:33:55,260
was t stick another tube onto it, or a lid

374
00:33:55,260 --> 00:33:59,350
in case of a stopped pipe, and to 
move it up and down, things with

375
00:33:59,350 --> 00:34:04,399
folding din't work in 3d printing.

376
00:34:04,399 --> 00:34:12,159
Weird. There, a question in the back.
inaudible question from the audience

377
00:34:12,159 --> 00:34:16,530
Audience: Oh, once again with mike.
If you do the finger on it, you're

378
00:34:16,530 --> 00:34:19,210
making a half stopped pipe, which means
the tube gets longer.

379
00:34:19,210 --> 00:34:21,210
Benjamin: Yes.
Audience: It makes sense that

380
00:34:21,210 --> 00:34:26,860
is gets lower.
Benjamin: What exactly make sense, that?

381
00:34:26,860 --> 00:34:30,199
No. That?
labial pipe, different pitch

382
00:34:30,199 --> 00:34:40,770
But why is it a fifth? For a stopped pipe
it should be an octave.

383
00:34:40,770 --> 00:34:42,780
laughter

384
00:34:42,780 --> 00:34:45,550
Audience: They have different length.

385
00:34:45,550 --> 00:34:53,219
Benjamin: Yes, should we, do I have two
of identical length? Yes, If I take this

386
00:34:53,219 --> 00:35:06,860
and add that. So, same length now, ok?

387
00:35:06,860 --> 00:35:16,580
labial pipe, different pitch
It wants to overblow, that doesn't fit.

388
00:35:16,580 --> 00:35:23,730
I don't gat the basic frequency.
labial pipe, different pitch

389
00:35:23,730 --> 00:35:31,580
That tends to happen when a tube is
too thin relative to the length. If one

390
00:35:31,580 --> 00:35:37,100
wants to have a sound with lots of 
partials, one makes a thinner pipe but

391
00:35:37,100 --> 00:35:44,120
when one overdoes it one doesn't get 
the basic frequency anymore.

392
00:35:44,120 --> 00:35:54,420
inaudible question from the audience
Yes, brass instruments.

393
00:35:54,420 --> 00:36:00,590
laughter
inaudible question from the audience

394
00:36:00,590 --> 00:36:06,770
Exactly.
inaudible question from the audience

395
00:36:06,770 --> 00:36:16,800
laughter
Ok, then not, don't know. There is a limit

396
00:36:16,800 --> 00:36:21,300
to how much I can recommend blowing 
into them because I was very sick last week.

397
00:36:21,300 --> 00:36:26,310
laughter
But apart from that you are invited to

398
00:36:26,310 --> 00:36:30,110
try them all. They all look a bit 
differently. I've also made

399
00:36:30,110 --> 00:36:35,050
traverse flutes.

400
00:36:35,050 --> 00:36:41,640
traverse flute
I just wanted to try it.

401
00:36:41,640 --> 00:36:47,650
Makes a tone.
Cool, thanks.

402
00:36:47,650 --> 00:36:54,750
applause

403
00:36:55,929 --> 00:37:04,205
postroll music